Мессенджеры
Protects against the following threat(s):
These are our recommendations for encrypted real-time communication.
Зашифрованные мессенджеры
Эти мессенджеры отлично подходят для защиты конфиденциальных сообщений.
Signal
Signal - мобильное приложение, разработанное Signal Messenger LLC. The app provides instant messaging and calls secured with the Signal Protocol, an extremely secure encryption protocol which supports forward secrecy1 and post-compromise security.2
Signal requires your phone number for registration, however you should create a username to hide your phone number from your contacts:
- In Signal, open the app's settings and tap your account profile at the top.
- Tap Username and choose Continue on the "Set up your Signal username" screen.
- Enter a username. Your username will always be paired with a unique set of digits to keep your username unique and prevent people from guessing it, for example if you enter "John" your username might end up being
@john.35. By default, only 2 digits are paired with your username when you create it, but you can add more digits until you reach the username length limit (32 characters). - Go back to the main app settings page and select Privacy.
- Select Phone Number
- Change the Who Can See My Number setting to: Nobody
You can optionally change the Who Can Find Me By Number setting to Nobody as well, if you want to prevent people who already have your phone number from discovering your Signal account/username.
Contact lists on Signal are encrypted using your Signal PIN and the server does not have access to them. Личные профили также шифруются и предоставляются только тем контактам, с которыми вы переписываетесь. Signal supports private groups, where the server has no record of your group memberships, group titles, group avatars, or group attributes. Signal has minimal metadata when Sealed Sender is enabled. Адрес отправителя шифруется вместе с текстом сообщения, серверу виден только адрес получателя. Функция запечатанного отправителя включена только для людей из вашего списка контактов, но может быть включена для всех получателей с повышенным риском получения спама.
Протокол прошел независимый аудит в 2016 году. The specification for the Signal protocol can be found in their documentation.
У нас есть несколько дополнительных советов по настройке и улучшению безопасности вашей установки Signal:
Настройка и усиление безопасности Signal
Molly (Android)
If you use Android and your threat model requires protecting against Targeted Attacks you may consider using this alternative app, which features a number of security and usability improvements, to access the Signal network.
Molly is an alternative Signal client for Android which allows you to encrypt the local database with a passphrase at rest, to have unused RAM data securely shredded, to route your connection via Tor, and more. It also has usability improvements including scheduled backups, automatic locking, and the ability to use your Android phone as a linked device instead of the primary device for a Signal account.
Downloads
Molly is updated every two weeks to include the latest features and bug fixes from Signal. The exception is security issues, which are patched as soon as possible. That said, you should be aware that there might be a slight delay compared to upstream, which may affect actions such as migrating from Signal to Molly.
Note that you are trusting multiple parties by using Molly, as you now need to trust the Signal team and the Molly team to deliver safe and timely updates.
There is a version of Molly called Molly-FOSS which removes proprietary code like the Google services used by both Signal and Molly, at the expense of some features like battery-saving push notifications via Google Play Services.
There is also a version called Molly-UP which is based on Molly-FOSS and adds support for push notifications with UnifiedPush, an open source alternative to the push notifications provided by Google Play Services, but it requires running a separate program called Mollysocket to function. Mollysocket can either be self-hosted on a separate computer or server (VPS), or alternatively a public Mollysocket instance can be used (step-by-step tutorial, in German).
All three versions of Molly provide the same security improvements.
Molly and Molly-FOSS support reproducible builds, meaning it's possible to confirm that the compiled APKs match the source code.
SimpleX Chat
SimpleX Chat is an instant messenger that doesn't depend on any unique identifiers such as phone numbers or usernames. Its decentralized network makes SimpleX Chat an effective tool against Censorship. Пользователи SimpleX Chat могут сканировать QR-код или открыть ссылку-приглашение для участия в групповых беседах.
SimpleX Chat прошел аудит от компании Trail of Bits в октябре 2022 года.
SimpleX Chat supports basic group chatting functionality, direct messaging, and editing of messages and markdown. Также поддерживаются аудио- и видеозвонки, зашифрованные E2EE. Your data can be exported and imported onto another device, as there are no central servers where this is backed up.
Briar
Briar is an encrypted instant messenger that connects to other clients using the Tor Network, making it an effective tool at circumventing Censorship. Briar также может передавать сообщения через Wi-Fi или Bluetooth, если получатель находится в непосредственной близости. Режим локальной сети Briar может быть полезен, когда Вы не имеете доступа к Интернету.
Downloads
Чтобы добавить контакт в Briar, вы оба должны сначала добавить друг друга. Вы можете либо обмениваться ссылками briar://, либо сканировать QR-код контакта, если он находится поблизости.
The client software was independently audited, and the anonymous routing protocol uses the Tor network which has also been audited.
Briar имеет полностью опубликованную документацию.
Briar supports forward secrecy1 by using the Bramble Handshake and Transport protocol.
Дополнительные варианты
Предупреждение
These messengers do not have forward secrecy1, and while they fulfill certain needs that our previous recommendations may not, we do not recommend them for long-term or sensitive communications. Любая компрометация ключа среди получателей сообщений повлияет на конфиденциальность всех прошлых сообщений.
Element
Element is the flagship client for the Matrix protocol, an open standard for secure decentralized real-time communication.
Messages and files shared in private rooms (those which require an invite) are by default E2EE, as are one-to-one voice and video calls.
Фотографии профиля, реакции и никнеймы не зашифрованы.
With the integration of Element Call into Element's web app, desktop apps, and its rewritten mobile apps, group VoIP and video calls are E2EE by default.
The Matrix protocol itself theoretically supports forward secrecy1, however this is not currently supported in Element due to it breaking some aspects of the user experience such as key backups and shared message history.
Протокол прошел независимый аудит в 2016 году. The specification for the Matrix protocol can be found in their documentation. The Olm cryptographic ratchet used by Matrix is an implementation of Signal’s Double Ratchet algorithm.
Session
Session - это децентрализованный мессенджер, ориентированный на приватные, безопасные и анонимные коммуникации. Session предлагает поддержку обычных чатов, групповых чатов и голосовых вызовов.
Session uses the decentralized Oxen Service Node Network to store and route messages. Каждое зашифрованное сообщение проходит через три узла в сети Oxen Service Node Network, что делает практически невозможным для узлов собрать значимую информацию о тех, кто пользуется сетью.
Сессия использует E2EE в чатах один на один или в закрытых группах, в которых могут участвовать до 100 человек. Открытые группы не имеют ограничений по количеству участников, но являются открытыми по своей сути.
Session was previously based on Signal Protocol before replacing it with their own in December 2020. Session Protocol does not support forward secrecy.1
Oxen requested an independent audit for Session in March 2020. The audit concluded in April 2021:
The overall security level of this application is good and makes it usable for privacy-concerned people.
Session has a whitepaper describing the technical details of the app and protocol.
Критерии
Обрати внимание, что у нас нет связей ни с одним проектом, который мы рекомендуем. В дополнение к нашим стандартным критериям мы разработали четкий набор требований, позволяющий давать объективные рекомендации. Перед тем, как вы решите выбрать какой-либо проект, мы рекомендуем вам ознакомиться со списком критериев и провести собственное исследование, чтобы убедиться в правильности своего выбора.
Минимальные требования к сервисам
- Has open-source clients.
- Does not require sharing personal identifiers (phone numbers or emails in particular) with contacts.
- Uses E2EE for private messages by default.
- Supports E2EE for all messages.
- Has been independently audited.
В лучшем случае
Эти критерии представляют собой то, что мы хотели бы видеть от идеального проекта в этой категории. Наши рекомендации могут не соответствовать всем или нескольким из этих критериев, но проекты, которые им соответствуют, расположены выше остальных.
- Supports forward secrecy1
- Supports Future Secrecy (Post-Compromise Security)2
- Has open-source servers.
- Decentralized, i.e. federated or P2P.
- Uses E2EE for all messages by default.
- Supports Linux, macOS, Windows, Android, and iOS.
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Forward secrecy is where keys are rotated very frequently, so that if the current encryption key is compromised, it does not expose past messages as well. ↩↩↩↩↩↩
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Future Secrecy (or Post-Compromise Security) is a feature where an attacker is prevented from decrypting future messages after compromising a private key, unless they compromise more session keys in the future as well. This effectively forces the attacker to intercept all communication between parties, since they lose access as soon as a key exchange occurs that is not intercepted. ↩↩
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You're viewing the Russian copy of Privacy Guides, translated by our fantastic language team on Crowdin. If you notice an error, or see any untranslated sections on this page, please consider helping out!