Android

The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.

General Android Overview

העצה שלנו

Replace Google Services

There are many methods of obtaining apps on Android while avoiding Google Play. Whenever possible, try using one of these methods before getting your apps from non-private sources:

Obtaining Applications

There are also many private alternatives to the apps that come pre-installed on your phone, such as the camera app. Besides the Android apps we recommend throughout this site in general, we've created a list of system utilities specific to Android which you might find useful.

General App Recommendations

Install a Custom Distribution

When you buy an Android phone, the default operating system comes bundled with apps and functionality that are not part of the Android Open Source Project. Many of these apps—even apps like the dialer which provide basic system functionality—require invasive integrations with Google Play Services, which in turn asks for privileges to access your files, contacts storage, call logs, SMS messages, location, camera, microphone, and numerous other things on your device in order for those basic system apps and many other apps to function in the first place. Frameworks like Google Play Services increase the attack surface of your device and are the source of various privacy concerns with Android.

This problem could be solved by using an alternative Android distribution, commonly known as a custom ROM, that does not come with such invasive integration. לרוע המזל, הפצות רבות של אנדרואיד מותאמות אישית מפרות לעתים קרובות את מודל האבטחה של אנדרואיד בכך שאינן תומכות בתכונות אבטחה קריטיות כגון AVB, הגנה לאחור, עדכוני קושחה וכן הלאה. Some distributions also ship userdebug builds which expose root via ADB and require more permissive SELinux policies to accommodate debugging features, resulting in a further increased attack surface and weakened security model.

באופן אידיאלי, בעת בחירת הפצת אנדרואיד מותאמת אישית, עליך לוודא שהיא מקיימת את מודל האבטחה של אנדרואיד. At the very least, the distribution should have production builds, support for AVB, rollback protection, timely firmware and operating system updates, and SELinux in enforcing mode. All of our recommended Android distributions satisfy these criteria:

Recommended Distributions

Avoid Root

Rooting Android phones can decrease security significantly as it weakens the complete Android security model. זה יכול להפחית את הפרטיות אם יש ניצול הנעזר בירידה באבטחה. שיטות השתרשות נפוצות כוללות התעסקות ישירה במחיצת האתחול, מה שהופך את זה לבלתי אפשרי לבצע אתחול מאומת בהצלחה. Apps that require root will also modify the system partition, meaning that Verified Boot would have to remain disabled. Having root exposed directly in the user interface also increases the attack surface of your device and may assist in privilege escalation vulnerabilities and SELinux policy bypasses.

Content blockers which modify the hosts file (AdAway) and firewalls (AFWall+) which require root access persistently are dangerous and should not be used. הם גם לא הדרך הנכונה לפתור את מטרותיהם המיועדות. For content blocking, we suggest encrypted DNS or content blocking functionality provided by a VPN instead. TrackerControl and AdAway in non-root mode will take up the VPN slot (by using a local loopback VPN), preventing you from using privacy enhancing services such as Orbot or a real VPN provider.

AFWall+ works based on the packet filtering approach and may be bypassable in some situations.

אנחנו לא מאמינים שקורבנות האבטחה שנעשו על ידי השתרשות טלפון שווים את יתרונות הפרטיות המפוקפקים של אפליקציות אלה.

Install Updates Regularly

It's important to not use an end-of-life version of Android. Newer versions of Android receive not only security updates for the operating system but also important privacy enhancing updates too.

For example, prior to Android 10 any apps with the READ_PHONE_STATE permission could access sensitive and unique serial numbers of your phone such as IMEI, MEID, or your SIM card's IMSI; whereas now they must be system apps to do so. אפליקציות מערכת מסופקות רק על ידי הפצת OEM או אנדרואיד.

Use Built-in Sharing Features

אתה יכול להימנע ממתן הרשאות לאפליקציות רבות לגשת למדיה שלך עם תכונות השיתוף המובנות של אנדרואיד. יישומים רבים מאפשרים לך "לשתף" איתם קובץ להעלאת מדיה.

לדוגמה, אם אתה רוצה לפרסם תמונה ל-Discord אתה יכול לפתוח את מנהל הקבצים או הגלריה שלך ולשתף את התמונה עם אפליקציית Discord, במקום להעניק ל-Discord גישה מלאה למדיה ולתמונות שלך.

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You're viewing the English copy of Privacy Guides, translated by our fantastic language team on Crowdin. If you notice an error, or see any untranslated sections on this page, please consider helping out!